地源热泵稻谷干燥机板翅换热器的设计与试验

针对稻谷干燥机作业成本过高和干燥后的物料品质差的问题,将地源热泵技术应用于稻谷干燥机,设计了一套板翅式换热器加热空气,计算得出芯体结构与技术参数,以降低单位作业量成本,提高干燥后的物料品质。试验研究表明:当环境温度为环境温度16℃、空气相对湿度53.2%时,地源热泵稻谷干燥机与燃油稻谷干燥机的稻谷含水率降低速率无明显区别,稻谷干燥性能可达到同等效果;地源热泵稻谷干燥机干燥稻谷的单位作业量成本0.040 7元,而燃油稻谷干燥机干燥稻谷的单位作业量成本为0.190 5元,单位作业量成本明显降低;地源热泵稻谷干燥机的稻谷干燥不均度干燥前后降低幅度0.40%小于燃油稻谷干燥机的0.72%;地源热泵稻谷干燥机的破损率增加值0.16%,小于燃油稻谷干燥机的0.31%,地源热泵稻谷干燥机的爆腰率增加值2.0%,小于燃油稻谷干燥机的3.0%,干燥后的物料品质明显提高。     

超高压处理对糙米多酚、黄酮类含量及其抗氧化性的影响

超高压处理是一种新型的非热加工技术,具有提高食品安全性和货架期,保持食品原有营养成分等特点。以糙米为研究对象,探究其经不同高压条件处理后,其多酚、黄酮类含量的变化,并分析了上述处理对糙米DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS+·自由基清除率的影响。本实验分别采用一步式超高压(100~400 MPa,5 min和10 min)与两步式超高压(100~400 MPa,5 min+5 min)处理糙米。实验结果表明,在100~300 MPa压力范围内,超高压处理后的糙米酚类、黄酮类含量以及抗氧化活性随着压力的增大而增大。两步式高压处理组(5 min+5 min)糙米的酚类、黄酮类含量以及抗氧化活性高于一步式高压处理组。采用300 MPa两步式高压处理糙米后,其酚类、黄酮类物质保留率可达到97%,这说明超高压是一种较有效的保留糙米中抗氧化物质的非热加工方法。     

干播湿出技术对不同土壤质地棉花生长和产量的影响——以阿拉尔垦区为例

本试验在阿拉尔垦区选取不同质地土壤地块，研究干播湿出技术对棉花生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明：不同土壤质地干播湿出模式下棉花出苗率差异不大，整体出苗情况良好；沙质土棉田株高高于壤质土和黏质土，初期差异明显，后期差异逐渐变小；不同土壤质地棉田果枝薹数差异不明显，生育后期壤质土铃数最多；土壤碱解氮和有效磷的含量为壤质土>黏质土>沙质土，土壤速效钾的含量为黏质土>壤质土>沙质土，土壤含盐量为黏质土>沙质土>壤质土，棉花产量为壤质土>沙质土>黏质土。综合来看，壤质土为干播湿出技术的应用提供了最有利的条件，可促进棉花生长发育和对土壤速效养分的吸收，从而获得较高产量。     

Effect of levels and sources of nitrogen on concentration and uptake of nitrogen by a high yielding variety and a hybrid of rice

Field experiments were made on a sandy clay loam soil at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of levels and sources of nitrogen on concentration and uptake of nitrogen by a high yielding variety Pusa 834 and a hybrid PRH3 of rice. Nitrogen concentration in hybrid PRH 3 remained lower than in Pusa 834, but N uptake was significantly more in the hybrid PRH 3. Nitrogen fertilization increased N concentration as well as N uptake by rice. At 30 days after transplanting (DAT) N uptake was more in Pusa 834, but at 60 DAT and at harvest hybrid PRH 3 recorded significantly more N uptake than Pusa 834. Use of neem oil blended urea (PNGU) and neem coated urea (NCU) increased N concentration and uptake by rice in both Pusa 834 and hybrid PRH 3. Use of neem coated/blended urea is recommended for rice.     

黔北杂交水稻高产栽培体系探讨

从自然条件、水稻种植水平、病虫草鼠害等方面分析了黔北水稻产量限制因素，系统地开展了高效集成技术的研究与应用，探索适宜黔北水稻实现高效的途径和技术模式。     

水稻三系不育系T78A繁殖技术

根据2009—2011年T78A在将乐县的繁殖实践,概述了该不育系的特征特性;总结了应注重培育带蘖壮秧,父母本靠插不靠发,科学肥水管理,及时防治病虫害,适时适量喷施"九二○",加强人工辅助授粉,严格除杂保纯等高产繁殖技术。     

Yield of greenhouse-grown tomato in substrates containing coir and parboiled rice or burnt rice hulls

Substrate components produced in the sub-tropics or tropics were combined in various proportions as substrates for the greenhouse production of ‘Big Beef’ tomato. Coir was mixed with parboiled rice hulls (PBH) or burnt rice hulls (BRH) at 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% volume. Fruit fresh weights at equal proportions of BRH or PBH in coir were similar, with the greatest fruit yields achieved with 50 to 100% coir (0 to 50% PBH or BRH). Compared to 100% coir, PBH in coir decreased substrate container capacity and increased air porosity, while BRH in coir increased container capacity and decreased the air porosity. Pre-plant fertilisation of the PBH + coir substrates (superphosphate, gypsum, trace elements, calcium nitrate, and surfactant) increased fruit yield significantly. Substrates containing 50 to 100% coir with BRH or PBH yielded greater fruit fresh weights than was achieved in in 70% BRH + 30% gravel (a typical substrate used in the Dominican Republic), and reusing the 70% BRH + 30% gravel led to a 36% increase in fruit fresh weight. Fruit fresh weights in 100% coir or 75% coir plus 25% PBH or BRH were similar to those achieved in a commercial peat-lite. Herein we report on substrates made from tropical components that perform similarly to a peat-based substrate in the production of greenhouse-grown tomatoes.     

Differential Response of Southern US Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Ultraviolet‐B Radiation

Elevated ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B; between 290 and 320 nm) radiation, because of depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, is one of the major environmental factors influencing plant metabolic processes and yield. The southern US rice cultivars contribute greatly towards US rice production, but the effects of elevated UV‐B radiation on these cultivars are not well known. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of elevated UV‐B radiation on leaf photosynthetic rate (P_n), membrane stability, pollen viability, phenolic concentration and yield of eight commercially popular southern US rice cultivars (five inbred cultivars and three hybrids). Plants were grown in a temperature‐controlled greenhouse in Beaumont, TX, USA, and were exposed to UV‐B radiation of 0, 8 or 16 kJ m^?2 day^?1 for 90 days. For most of the cultivars, plants grown under 8 or 16 kJ UV‐B radiation showed significant decreases in P_n, membrane stability, pollen viability, and yield compared with the plants grown under an UV‐B‐free environment, whereas there was a significant increase in leaf phenolic concentration under 16 kJ UV‐B radiation. The hybrid ‘Clearfield XL729’ performed best among the selected southern US rice cultivars under 16 kJ UV‐B radiation.     

WebPIPA （Web Based Paddy Irrigation Productivity Assessment）： An Online Irrigation Water Supply Management for Tanjung Karang Rice Irrigation Scheme （TAKRIS）

Irrigation water management has significant economic implications in developing countries like Malaysia. As in many countries, Malaysia is also espousing internet as a platform of new possibilities for information access and sharing. Thus web based decision tools are pertinent in managing water, which is becoming a source of conflict between domestic, industry and agricultural use in this emerging technological and information age. Decision Support System （DSS） created in the past was theoretically acceptable but practically not effective in the transfer of scientific knowledge from research labs to the end-users to support them in decision making. The Web Based Paddy Irrigation Productivity Assessment （WebPIPA） is an example of DSS created to provide an effective conduit for the transfer of scientific knowledge from research labs to the end-users to support them in decision making. WebPIPA serves as an innovative, user friendly and efficient management tool for run-of-river rice irrigation system. It is a web based program that requires users to login through user name and password WebPIPA is developed using Net framework and ASP. Net Programming Languages of Microsoft. Net 2003 environment. A 3-tier architecture framework was carefully studied and was implemented to create the WebP1PA model. Mathematical model developed for aiding irrigation decisions must be oriented towards addressing various issues in addition to the scientific ones for better acceptability. All government and private agencies, researchers, station users, farmers, investors and buyers related to this study area will be able to access and share the database through the internet. By strengthening the involvement of government departments, the database can be very effectively used by all stakeholders at the same time narrowing the gap between the urban and rural communities in the development of country.     

水稻耐盐分子机制研究进展

水稻是世界上重要的粮食作物之一，对盐胁迫比较敏感，土壤盐碱化对水稻的安全生产造成潜在风险。盐胁迫会引起水稻的渗透胁迫和离子毒害，还会在植株中引起氧化胁迫，导致水稻品质和产量下降。由于水稻根系能吸收盐分分泌有机酸，同时具有田间持水和排水晒田的生长特性，因此水稻也是一种改良盐渍土的优良作物。因此培育耐盐水稻新品种，提高水稻耐盐性，可有效提高盐渍化耕地的生产潜力，对保障我国乃至全球粮食安全具有重要意义。近年来，数量遗传学和分子标记技术不断发展，通过遗传、生化及分子生物学等手段，挖掘出大量耐盐相关 QTL 和基因，对于解析水稻耐盐分子机制，利用分子标记辅助选择、基因编辑等提高耐盐水稻育种效率，均具有非常重要的意义。但目前克隆的耐盐相关基因大多采用反向遗传学方法获得，且大多是在过表达条件下表现出耐盐性，或者耐盐基因为隐性，难以在耐盐水稻育种中应用。总结近年来水稻耐盐相关基因的鉴定和挖掘研究中所取得的进展，从有机物渗透调节、离子吸收转运调节、抗氧化系统清除活性氧调节、激素调节 4 个方面综述水稻耐盐分子机制的研究进展，并探讨未来水稻耐盐性研究面临的挑战，为开展水稻耐盐分子育种提供建议。